In impact evaluation, what does attribution refer to?

• A. Calculating The Total Budget.
• B. Attribution Involves Determining To What Extent The Initiative, Rather Than External Factors, Contributed To Observed Impacts.
• C. Stakeholder Recruitment.
• D. Geographic Location.

Answer: (B)

Attribution in impact evaluation is about determining to what extent the observed changes can be attributed to the program itself rather than external factors. It involves establishing a counterfactual—what would have happened without the initiative—and using study designs or statistical methods to isolate the program's contribution to outcomes. This helps separate effects caused by the intervention from those driven by broader trends or participant characteristics. It's not about calculating the total budget, recruiting stakeholders, or identifying geographic location, which is why those options don’t describe attribution.