Which option lists a function that is not among the PM's four basic management functions?

• A. Planning
• B. Organising
• C. Executing
• D. Controlling

Answer: (C)

Executing is not among the four basic management functions. The traditional four are planning, organizing, directing (leading), and controlling. Planning sets the course, organizing structures the resources, directing motivates and guides the team, and controlling monitors progress and makes corrections. Executing, on the other hand, is the act of carrying out the plan—the actual work of the project. It belongs to the execution phase or process group, not a standalone management function. So this option stands out because it describes the implementation of work, not a fundamental management function.